Simply put, a maize hybrid results from the fertilization of one maize plant by another genetically unrelated plant. Nov 17, 2016 disadvantages of growing hybrid maize hybrid seed is more expensive than open pollinated maize seed. The crib can be constructed with farm materials, sawn wood, or metal. Production of hybrid maize seeds, from sowing to delivery. Around 14 countries of subsaharan africa consume 8595% of maize as. Though maize farmers are well aware of the advantages of hybrid, lack of quality seed is one of the most important constraints to increased production and productivity. Farmers situated in a low potential environment and who cannot afford extra inputs such as fertilizer will not recover the costs of the hybrid seed. However, little of this maize is consumed directly by humans. Introduction maize zea mays l is the most important and most widely distributed cereal in the world after wheat and rice. Example of a record sheet for maize hybrid seed production. Globally, maize accounts for 15 per cent of the worlds. Smallholder maize cultivation is prevalent in the marginal areas of india, under diverse agroclimatic conditions.
This report presents the analysis of maize production costs and returns for zambia, with a special focus on improved types of maize relevant to the crm program, based on the 201011, 201112, 2012, and 2014 zambia crop forecast survey cfs data sets. Cost and benefit estimates were based on revenues and costs incurred in production of maize using the different treatments. High yielding hybrids help adapt to climate change food and. Botanically it is known as zea mays and belongs to the family poaceae. Problems in local hybrid production and marketing and small quantities of imported seed mean that only a small minority of farmers have experience with maize hybrids. Potentials of hybrid maize varieties for smallholder farmers in.
Maize has become a staple food in many parts of the world, with the total production of maize surpassing that of wheat or rice. Limagrain introduces its new rapekale hybrid variety unicorn. Maize is common millet of india with wider industrial and household utility. United republic of tanzania maize production, 1960. Hybrid varieties are made by planting two varieties in the same field, allowing only the male parent to produce pollen, and harvesting the seed only from the female parent.
Maize production technologies in india icar indian institute of. Mar 06, 2017 limagrain group video demonstrating the production of hybrid maize seeds, from sowing to delivery. While storing maize on the cob in the crib, use actellic 25 ec at 200 ml10 litres of water applied with knapsack maize crib constructed using sawn wood and metal sheets. Pdf hybrid seed production technology in maize researchgate. Hybrid maize generates high yields, increased value and reduced production costs. Maize acreage and production have an increasing tendency with the introduction of hybrid since 1993. Hybrid seed production hybrid seed of maize may generally be produced from following different cross combinations single cross hybrid. Aug 02, 2011 hybrid seed production hybrid seed of maize may generally be produced from following different cross combinations single cross hybrid. Hybrid plants has more performance than the average of their parents. The transition from openpollinated to hybrid maize was astonishingly rapid. Pdf growth and yield of three hybrid maize varieties under. This hybrid vigor, or heterosis, occurs when crossing two genetically unrelated inbred parents to create a hybrid. Hybrid maize seed production manual 2 from thinning and topping and dry maize stalks and other residues can also be fed to animals. Maize hybrid selection for biogas production should always begin with a field assessment to determine appropriate hybrid maturity.
In khyber pakhtunkhwa province of pakistan, the trend of maize hybrid cultivation is gaining the attention of the farmers due to its higher production. It is used a feed, food and raw material in soft drink industry. The objectivity and goals of hybrid maize breeders as pure scientists is. However, the quality of hybrid seed depends greatly on field production methods, both in adherence to quality assurance standards and implementation of. The farmer needs to have yields of 35 tha in order to justify the cost of the seed.
Successful maize production depends on the correct application of production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as agricultural production. Maize production maize, a kharif crop, is perhaps the only coarse grain in india whose production and yield has shown a steady growth in the past 5 years. Maize hybrid seed provides farmers with varieties containing improved genetics, such as high yield potential and unique trait combinations to counter diseases and adverse growing conditions. The area, production, and yield of wheat and maize from 19992000 to 200506 are.
Storage crib storage use the maize crib as a storage and drying equipment. Maize breeding and seed production by farmers was once the norm figure 1. Smallholder maize production expanded during the second period, after independence, which occurred in distinct calendar years and global economic contexts in each case study country. Maize production of united republic of tanzania increased from 637 tonnes in 1970 to 6,200 tonnes in 2019 growing at an average annual rate of 6. Maize hybrid seed production manual excellenceinbreeding. Dec 15, 2016 maize remains a key food crop in africa, latin america and asia where it is primarily used as human food. Pdf on dec 1, 2019, gloria boakyewaa adu and others published hybrid maize seed production find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Choice and development of restorer or male parent rline 3. Maize is cultivated under diverse environmental conditions. Despite genetic improvements to hybrid maize, grain yield from distinct maize hybrids is. Disadvantages of growing hybrid maize hybrid seed is more expensive than open pollinated maize seed. Field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 under rainfed conditions in southcentral louisiana, a to determine the effects of plant density levels on plant height, ear height, stalk diameter, lodging, corn grain yield, test weight, and photosynthetically active radiation with modern corn hybrids in central louisiana and b to test the hypothesis that the response of grain yield to plant. African maize market growth, trends, and forecast 20202025. Maize in this region is mainly rainfed and contributed.
Dp3281 final environmental assessment may 2011 agency contact cindy eck biotechnology regulatory services usda, aphis riverdale, md 20737phone. With the increased attention of private seed sector towards autumn maize and growing interest in hybrid plantation by farmers of irrigated plans, the over all production of maize is expected to increase, resulting higher productivity per. Comparative analysis of maize z ea mays crop performance. Maize is susceptible to both drought and waterlogging. The following points highlight the four main steps of hybrid seed production. Performance of a local open pollinated maize variety and a.
Maize stalks are also used as fuel wood and for construction purposes. The outstanding example of the exploitation of hybrid vigour through the use of f 1 hybrid varieties has been with corn maize. After the introduction of hybrid maize during the 1990s, farmers have gradually shifted to hybrid maize from traditionalopen pollinated varieties opvs as hybrid maize has increased production from a mere 30 maundacre to 80120 maundacre. Maize grows best on deep, welldrained, fertile soils, and where total seasonal rainfall exceeds 500 mm. This case study lesson is designed to be taught in two course hours with approximately 34 hours of outside reading. The paper also looks at the regulatory and policy issues affecting hybrid maize promotion and examines the interplay between the substantial portfolio of donor projects. Male female plants grown from hybrid seed are bigger, stronger and more vigorous than either of. In the case of the sweet maize, the sugary gene retards the normal conversion of sugar within. The benefits of recent warming for maize production in high. The transition in other cornbelt states was almost as fast, although somewhat slower in other parts of the united states. Hybrid maize production and climate variability in zambia sesync. Maize remains a key food crop in africa, latin america and asia where it is primarily used as human food.
Effects of variety and spacing on growth characters of hybrid. Instead hybrid as722 obtained a higher grain yield 8. Maize is reasonably tolerant to soil acidity, but if the soil is very acid, liming will improve the soil and enhance maize yields. Maize hybrid seed production manual kenya seed sector platform. Pdf ppt related to hybrid seed production technology find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. This type of hybrid maize is used for specialty products of the wetmilling starch industry. Africa consumes 30% of the maize produced in the world, with subsaharan africa alone accounting for 21% of the consumption. The maize hybrids are resistant to the major lepidopteran and coleopteran pests. Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1.
The production of a hybrid corn variety involves three steps. At the national level, hybrid and ordinary maize should be reported separately owing to widely. Own maize seed can only be produced from varieties which are not hybrids. In 2019, maize production for united republic of tanzania was 6,200 tonnes. Seed production technology spt process dp3281 corn oecd unique identifier. This waxy maize is composed entirely of amyl pectin, in contrast with common maize which contains approximately 78 percent of starch and 22 percent of amylose. Some technology developers have collaborated to produce a hybrid maize called smartstax, which contains eight transgenes james, 2009. Therefore, the major objective of this maize seed production technique manual is to improve the knowledge to farmers about technical and management activities, including increment in production of quality seed of maize. After the introduction of hybrid maize during the 1990s, farmers have gradually shifted to hybrid maize from traditionalopen pollinated varieties opvs as hybrid maize has increased production from a mere 30 maundacre to 80120.
As production and diversification of maize increases, industrial use of maize will also become important in the country. Limagrain group video demonstrating the production of hybrid maize seeds, from sowing to delivery. In iowa, the proportion of hybrid corn grew from less than 10% in 1935 to well over 90% 4 years later. Maintenance and multiplication of parental seeds 4. Hybrid maize production and climate variability in zambia. Progeny resulting from a cross of two inbreeding parents and this process is called hybridization. Theobjectives ofthisstudywereto1quantifytheeffectsof warming on maize yield and understand the underlying mechanism in heilongjiang province. Maize also forms the basis for the production for most animal feeds in nigeria.
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